Friday, April 8, 2016

Banking System

Money Supply
  • Affects AD when increased: - r down, Ig up, AD up (Vertical)
  • Decreases - MS down, r up, Ig down, AD down

Financial Sector
  • Financial. Assets - Stocks and bonds provide expected future benefits
  • Benefits owner from issuer of asset meeting certain obligations
  • Fin. Liabilities - Incurred by issuer of financial asset to stand behind issued asset
  • Interest Rate - $ paid to use financial asset
  • Stocks – Financial asset that represent ownership in a company
  • Bonds - Promise to pay $ and interest in the future

Banks
Financial Intermediary - use liquid assets to fund investments of borrowers -> Fractional Reserve Banking
Liquid assets include currency in bank vaults and bank reserves
Banks creates money by lending out deposits that are used multiple times

When a customer deposits cash or withdraws cash from their demand deposit account, it has NO EFFECT ON THE MONEY SUPPLY

Only changes
The composition of money

  • Excess Reserves
  • Required Reserves
Changes in Money Supply for

  • Single Bank
    •  Loan money from ER
  • Banking System
    •  ER x Money multiplier (1/RR) -> Total Money Supply
  • When the FED buys or sells bonds, ER is created
  • Basic accounting
  • Assets (Amounts owned) - Items claimed legally by bank; use of funds by fin. intermediary
  • Included in assets
    • Required Reserves - % of DD in vault
    • Excess Reserves - Remaining % of DD used for loans
    • Property - Statement of a bank's property values
    • Securities or Bonds - Previously purchased bonds held by the banks as investments
    • Loans - Previously loaned funds now owed back to the bank
  • Liabilities (Amounts owed) - Legal claims against a bank; sources of funds.
  • Included in liabilities
    • Demand Deposits- Cash deposits from the public to the bank
    • Part of MS if from person's cash holdings
  • Becomes new $ if from a bond -> MS up
  • Owner's equity or stock shares - Values of the bank stocks as held by the public
  • DD = RR + ER
  • Reserve Requirement- Fed needs banks to always have $ to meet demand
  • Amount = Reserve Ratio - % of DD locked to bank

Scenario 1
A private citizen takes cash that they possess and put it into a bank account
  • The cash placed into the bank is already part of the money supply
  • The deposit is counted as a bank liability
  •  A % must be placed into required reserve
  • The remainder is placed into excess reserve
  • The bank will want to lend all of the ER, if possible
  • The amount in ER is multiplied by the monetary multiplier
  • This will be assumed to become new loans in the banking system
  • This will be counted as the change in money supply
  •  

Scenario 2
The Fed buys bonds back from the public
  • The public now has new cash
  • This new cash is new loans
  • Assume that the public puts the cash into demand deposits
  • A set percentage is placed into required reserve
  • The remainder becomes excess reserve
  • Excess reserve is multiplied by the money multiplier (1/RR)
  • This amount becomes new loans and is new money supply
  • The total change in money supply is the amount of demand deposits plus the new loan amounts


Scenario 3
The Fed buys bonds back from the member bank
  • The banks now have new ER
  • No money is needed to be placed in RR, since this is not owed to the public
  • All of these ER are multiplied by the monetary multiplier
  • This amount becomes new loans
  • This amount is the change in the money supply


1 comment:

  1. For some reason, I can't get this highlight off my notes. Sorry about this guys

    ReplyDelete